European High Yield 2025 Year in Review: High Volume, High Flexibility as Refinancings Fuel Covenant Creep and New Money Deals Push Boundaries

Shoshanna Harrow, J.D. - Senior Covenant Analyst, Covenant Review

16 December 2025

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Insights into European High Yield 2025 Year in Review – High Volume, High Flexibility as Refinancings Fuel Covenant Creep and New Money Deals Push Boundaries:

  • Refinancing Dominance Drives Incremental Covenant Loosening: Repeat issuers systematically expanded flexibility through backdated build-up baskets, enhanced debt capacity, and looser ratio tests in refinancing transactions.
  • Sponsor-Backed Deals Push Aggressive Documentation Boundaries: Moreover, new money transactions like Boots, Urbaser, and Kelvion featured oversized day-one capacity and permissive provisions including Available Amount double builders and uncapped structurally senior debt.
  • Build-Up Basket Usage Without Ratio Tests Creates Value Leakage Risk: Following the Altice playbook, multiple issuers added permission to use build-up baskets for investments without leverage conditionality, enabling significant asset transfers outside the restricted group.
  • Investor Pushback Achieves Selective Documentation Improvements: Nevertheless, meaningful buyside resistance forced pre-pricing changes in several deals, removing highest watermark provisions, tariff adjustments, and excessive Pick Your Poison baskets.
  • Post-Restructuring Bonds Showcase Comprehensive LMT Blockers: Ardagh’s second lien notes implemented extensive anti-liability management provisions including J. Crew blockers, omnibus anti-LMT covenants, and enhanced supermajority consent requirements.

Executive Summary

  • 2025 was another high volume year for European high yield markets. Gross new issuance ranked second only to 2021’s record, per LevFin Insights’ EMEA HY Review 2025.
  • Refinancings dominated deal flow for another year running. New money also featured, including a June surge with M&A, private-to-public, dividend, and debut deals.
  • European high yield bond issuers generally followed the 2024 playbook throughout the year. Repeat issuers used refinancings to expand flexibility in their existing covenant packages.
  • New money deals continued pushing boundaries with permissive document features. However, meaningful buyside pushback forced pre-pricing changes in several deals.
  • Post-restructuring bonds showcased tightened terms and comprehensive anti-LMT provisions. Below, we highlight notable 2025 covenant themes and look ahead to 2026.

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