Private Credit: Off-Balance Sheet Liabilities

Private Credit: Off-Balance Sheet Liabilities

John D. Kim - Director, Covenant Analyst, Covenant Review

7 November 2025

Download the Full Report to Gain:

Insights into the complex world of off-balance sheet financing in private credit markets—exploring structural approaches, documentation nuances, recent developments, and credit implications shaping how these liabilities are evaluated and managed:

  • Market Approaches to Off-Balance Sheet Treatment: Explore how private credit documentation varies significantly from broadly syndicated loans in handling factoring, receivables financing, and securitizations, with approaches ranging from blanket carveouts to restrictive caps across different market segments.
  • Covenant Architecture and Basket Structures: Understand the intricate interplay between debt definitions, investment capacity, and asset sale provisions that determine actual flexibility for off-balance sheet arrangements, revealing how structural permissiveness often differs from initial appearances.
  • High-Profile Cases and Accounting Complexities: Examine recent bankruptcy filings and the emergence of opacity concerns in off-balance sheet financing structures, including how “true sale” treatment under GAAP creates divergence between reported leverage and actual obligations.
  • Credit Assessment and Leverage Visibility: Investigate how off-balance sheet liabilities create “black box” scenarios for evaluating true leverage and liquidity positions, with implications for understanding borrower financial health beyond traditional balance sheet metrics.
  • Documentation Review and Protective Parameters: Learn about the multi-layered provisions that govern off-balance sheet transactions—from recourse versus non-recourse distinctions to fair market value requirements and ordinary course limitations that investors should scrutinize in credit agreements.

Executive Summary

The collapse of U.S. car parts group First Brands exposed over $4.65 billion in off-balance sheet financing arrangements. These included extensive factoring programs and supply-chain finance structures that created significant leverage opacity.

The First Brands bankruptcy appears to have resulted from fraudulent practices rather than documentation weaknesses. This distinguishes it from concerns about structural vulnerabilities in private credit markets.

Private credit documentation takes varied approaches to off-balance sheet liabilities, unlike the broadly syndicated loan market’s permissive stance. Treatment ranges from blanket carveouts and capped baskets to no dedicated provisions, requiring reliance on general capacity.

This report examines how these liabilities are addressed across different credit structures. Subscribers should work closely with legal and professional advisors to assess off-balance sheet treatment in their specific documentation.

Fill out the below form to view the full article:

Please note that we can only respond to valid business email addresses and the interview is already available to clients.

Recently Published

Research
AllCovenant-ReviewAutosUS CR Quarterly Q1BasicLevFin-InsightsTelecommunicationsMay GMUFinancialsCreditSights-ResearchUtilitiesCase Studiesshow-homeshow-initiation page-homeMunicipalsSLRsTMTAsset Management ResourcesPharmaceuticalsJune GMUEnergyResearchGaming/LeisureWebinar Related ResourceIndustrialsPoliticsMediaUS Special Sits OutlookConsumerTariffsSpecial SituationsEuro Autos: Barbarians at the GatesCorporatePrivate CreditAerospace/DefenseU.S. Autos Expert PanelCovenantsBondsReal EstateEU Special Sits OutlookStrategyPost PetitionServicesJuly GMUESGChemicalsIranAsia in Focus 2H26ESG-HomeEmerging MarketsBanksEM OutlookOutlooks-HomeTransportationConstructionEMEA CR Quarterly Q2TechnologyInsuranceAsia in focus webinarUS CR Quarterly Q2ManufacturingEMEA CR Quarterly Q1Global Credit for ME Investors
MPT 2Q26: Secured Refinancing | Rec Rerack

MPT 2Q26: Secured Refinancing | Rec Rerack

August 14, 20261 min Read More
European Direct Lending Rated Note Feeders
EMEA Insight: Rated feeders offer a road into European direct lending with lighter capital burden

EMEA Insight: Rated feeders offer a road into European direct lending with lighter capital burden

August 14, 20261 min Read More
European Liability Management: Double-O Dropdown, Aston Martin Primes the Bonds Again
European Liability Management: Double-O Dropdown, Aston Martin Primes the Bonds Again

European Liability Management: Double-O Dropdown, Aston Martin Primes the Bonds Again

August 14, 20261 min Read More
Trinseo
US Bankruptcy: Trinseo, excluded lenders square off in confirmation opening arguments

US Bankruptcy: Trinseo, excluded lenders square off in confirmation opening arguments

August 14, 20261 min Read More

Stay in the loop with the latest credit insights direct to your inbox